Peptide synthesis and equipments

Chemical synthesis Methods of peptides:

Solid-phase synthesis:In 1963, R.B.Merrifield established a solid phase synthesis method by which the C-terminal of amino acids was fixed on insoluble resin, and then the amino group is deprotected and reacted with the carbonyl group of the next N-protected amino acid. This cycle is repeated to form the desired peptide chain. After all reactions are complete, the synthesised peptide is cleaved from the resin. In the solid-phase method, the purification can be achieved by simply washing the resin after each step of the reaction, which overcomes the difficulty of purifying the products in each step of the classical liquid phase synthesis method, and lays a foundation for the automatic synthesis of peptides. Therefore,Merifield won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
After continuous development, the solid phase method mainly refers to Fmoc method.
Advantages: used in the synthesis of medium and long peptides, good purity of crude peptides
Disadvantages: high cost, large solvent ,relatively small quantity

 

Liquid phase synthesis method: BOC and Z protection methods are mainly used in short peptides synthesis
Advantages: relatively low cost, small solvent , relatively big quantity
Disadvantages: long production cycle, poor purity of crude peptides
Leon's team developed a new approach to the continuous solution synthesis of many peptides, which is as efficient as the solid-phase synthesis method, and at the same time solves the problems of cumbersome operation and poor purity of crude products.  

 

Mg to kg liquid and solid phase synthesis reactor

Purification and equipment

Purification of peptides:

At present, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography are used as mainly purification methods of peptides . The commonly mobile phase system is water-acetonitrile or water-methanol, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as ion pair reagent, to separate peptides with appropriate gradient elution.
Most peptides are purified in TFA system, so the most peptides are TFA salt. Secondly, pharmaceutical peptides generally are acetate and hydrochloride, and some pharmaceutical peptides have special salt forms. ion exchange and HPLC method are mainly methods to change salt form , and commonly G25 column(dextran gel column) is used to remove salt

Mg to kg reversed-phase high performance liquid purification equipment

Lyophilization and equipment

Lyophilization of peptides: peptides are purified by HPLC, and most of organic solvents and water are removed by rotary evaporator, and then peptides are lyophilized by lyophilizer.
Storage of peptides:
Most peptides remain active for several years if kept below -10℃ conditions, preferably -20℃.
When using frozen products, the bottles or tubes should be brought to room temperature in a dry box with desiccant before opening the lid.
Once opened, it should be quickly weighed and closed immediately to avoid deliquescence, especially hydrophilic peptides.

Mg to kg vacuum freeze-drying equipments

Peptide application

peptides are bioactive substances involved in various cell functions in living organisms. Since peptides are synthesised, With the development of molecular biology and biochemistry technology, and the study of peptides has made amazing progress.
At present, the application of peptides mainly focuses on peptide drugs, peptide drug carriers, tissue engineering materials and peptide food.
1. Anti-tumor peptide
2. Antiviral peptides 
3. Peptide oriented drugs
4. Cytokine analog peptide
5. Antibacterial active peptide
 6. Peptides for cardiovascular diseases 
7. Other medicinal small peptides 
 8. Diagnostic peptides 
 9. Peptide vaccines
10. Peptide drug carrier
11. Tissue engineering materials
12. Peptide food
13. Cosmetic peptides